This research aimed to design the Vocational Qualifications Framework of trainers as well as determine the expected competencies of technical and vocational trainers. The type of research is applied in terms of purpose and it is a descriptive survey in terms of data collection. The research method is a combination of quantitative and qualitative studies. Data collection tools are documentary study, electronic questionnaire and interview. The reliability of the questionnaires was 0. 985 and its validity was confirmed by experienced experts, trainers and experts of Technical and Vocational Education. The statistical population consisted of three groups including educators, experts and managers of instructor training centers and technical and vocational organizations, and foreign technical and vocational education experts related to the Technical and Vocational Education Organization. Content analysis was used to evaluate and analyze qualitative data, mean and standard deviation were used in quantitative data analysis in the data description section, and one-sample t-test and one-way analysis of variance were used in the inferential section. By content analysis, 112 statements of trainers' competencies including entrance competencies, general competencies and specialized qualifications were obtained. These statements were surveyed through questionnaires and interviews. The results of quantitative data analysis showed that all respondents, on average, strongly agreed with all the statements. The results of the Levin test showed that in any of the variables in all three groups, competencies were not significant and the hypothesis based on homogeneity of variance was confirmed and the results are reliable despite the inequality of the statistical population.

Introduction Rapid growth and ever-changing societies, has made the necessity of training skilled, specialized and ‎entrepreneurial human resources inevitable. In the education system, vocational schools have an ‎important role in training skilled manpower for jobs required by society and the labor market. The main ‎purpose of this research was to identify the dimensions of entrepreneurial competencies of vocational ‎schools in Hormozgan province. ‎ Method This research is applied in terms of purpose and was conducted base on framework of qualitative ‎approach. To this purpose, 11 academic experts and knowledgeable people were selected with a ‎purposeful sampling strategy based on data saturation and interviewed in a semi-structured way. To ‎analyze the stements of the interview sessions, three-step coding was used. To ensure the validity of ‎the research used of triangulation of the data sources and reviewed by members (interviewees) methods. ‎Also, to calculate reliability were used of the retest and the agreement between the two coder methods. ‎After implementing the content of the interviews and their preliminary analysis, Codes or basic ‎concepts were identified and In order to achieve the main categories, similar codes are placed on specific ‎categories. Finally, for each of the categories, the title that contains the entire codes was select. ‎ Results The results of this study led to the extraction of 4 dimensions which are: Personality (individual) ‎competencies, managerial and leadership competencies, technical-professional competencies and ‎cultural competencies. ‎ Discussion The main purpose of establishing vocational schools is to train entrepreneurial graduates. The four ‎main dimensions of this research can be an effective effective factor in improving the entrepreneurial ‎competencies of vocational schools and have beneficial results in improving the educational quality of ‎vocational schools Discussion The main purpose of establishing vocational schools is to train entrepreneurial graduates. The four ‎main dimensions of this research can be an effective effective factor in improving the entrepreneurial ‎competencies of vocational schools and have beneficial results in improving the educational quality of ‎vocational schools

The purpose of this study is to present a model for enhancing the professional competence of the managers of the Technical and Vocational University of Iran using a grounded theory approach. The method of data collection included review of literature and in-depth interviews with 12 elites, managers and deputies of the Technical and Vocational University of Iran. The sampling method was snowball and continued until data saturation. The validity of this study was evaluated and confirmed by the interviewers and then by the professors. Reliability was 70. 3% based on audit method. Continuous comparison method in three stages of open, axial and selective coding was used for data analysis. Results showed that managers' professional competence has 6 main categories including environmental and social factors, entrepreneurial factors, personal ability factors, professional knowledge related factors, ethical factors, and cultural factors.

One of the basic variables affecting organizational behavior is job performance. This study was conducted to determine the relationship of professional ethics with social competence and job performance. Research method of the current study was descriptive-correlational and using a stratified random sampling method, among all staff of Zahedan Technical and Vocational Training Organization in 2016, a corpus of 123 people was studied by applying three questionnaires on professional ethics (Gregory, 1990), social competence (Fellner, 1990), and job performance (Paterson, 1970). To analyze the data, a Pearson correlation coefficient and a multiple regression analysis were used via SPSS21. Results showed that professional ethics and its components, including attachment to and interest in work, perseverance and seriousness in work, healthy human relationships at work, and collective spirit and participation in work, were significantly and directly related to social competence (P<0. 01). Moreover, results of the regression analysis indicated that professional ethics was able to determine 39. 3% of variances in social competence and among all the components of professional ethics, perseverance and seriousness in work and collective spirit and participation in work had the highest predictive powers (P<0. 05)...

The purpose of this study was to Providing a model for promoting entrepreneurial competencies in vocational schools in Hormozgan province. The population of the study consisted of all managers (145 people) and teachers (720 people) of vocational schools in Hormozgan province in the 2019-2020 academic year (N=865N) that based on Cochran's formula, 267 people were selected by stratified random sampling method. The instrument used to collect data was a researcher-made questionnaire that. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by calculating the AVE and its validity was confirmed by calculating the AVE square and the reliability of the questionnaire was estimated 0. 79, through Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Cronbach's alpha tests, (AVE), AVE severity matrix, Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S), exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis were used to analyze the data. The obtained results led to the identification of 15 components and the total effect of its components and indicators was 70. 022 percent and the values obtained in the model fitness indicators also indicated the appropriate fit of the model.

Iran Technical and Vocational Training Organization (TVTO) arranges the National Skills Competition (NSC) annually aiming to boost youths’ self- efficacy, to generate creativity and innovation in technical and vocational training (TVT), and to provide suitable environment for fair competitions and entrepreneurship development, as well as TVTO discourages labor force, provides opportunity for youth in order to present their competency and expertise, develops a mechanism for updating national- level skills on the international ones, and prepare an enabling environment to interact between labor force and real world of work through the competition. Introducing NSC and World Skills Competition (WSC), the paper examined the evolution of vocational skills competition as a significant instrument for developing TVT and describes the benefits and criticisms addressed to the competition. This is a review and applied- type paper. The reliable and valid data of Iran NSC Office and WSC Secretariat were used. The analysis results and authors’ experiences show that the role of competitions in developing and promoting TVT cannot be ignored. At the end, some recommendations have been proposed for continuous improvement of competitions based on the results.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of emotion regulation training and interpersonal skills training on psychosocial competence of Urmia girls' vocational and technical school students. The present study is a quasi-experimental one considering its nature. The statistical population of the study consisted of all female students of Urmia Technical School for undergraduate and undergraduate students in the academic year 1396-97. 90 students were selected as sample in three groups: Experiment 1, Experiment 2 and Control. Experimental groups 1 and 2 were trained for 16 60-minute sessions and the control group received no intervention. The psychosocial competence questionnaire (SECQ) was administered between the two experimental groups and one control group. Multivariate covariance test was performed. The findings showed that there is a difference between the effectiveness of emotion regulation and interpersonal communication skills training on the level of psychosocial competence and its components (self-awareness, social awareness, self-management, responsible decision making, communication skills) of students ( P <0. 05) and the mean scores of effectiveness of emotion regulation training were more than communication skills training on the level of psychosocial competence and its components.

This study aimed to design a framework for improving professional qualifications in technical and vocational education in Mazandaran province with the Fourth Industrial Revolution approach. The qualitative research method was conducted with the Strauss and Corbin data-based approach. The statistical population included experts in technical and vocational education with an academic rank of assistant professor and above and at least 8 years of experience, who were purposefully selected through skilled person sampling. 12 people were interviewed as samples until theoretical saturation was reached. Semi-structured interviews and texts analysis were conducted. The findings were reviewed and confirmed by participants and professors for validity which was ensured through continuous review, participatory analyses, and compliance with theoretical foundations. Data analysis was performed using open, axial, and selective coding, and 281 categories were extracted. The results illustrated that the central phenomenon of "professional competence" included technical, soft, managerial, and cognitive skills and was influenced by causal (such as technological developments), contextual (such as educational infrastructure), and intervening (such as social and legal challenges) conditions. The proposed strategies include the educational system transformation, continuous learning, and the linkage of education with industry, which brings consequences such as job creation, innovation, and quality improvement showing that traditional skills training no longer meets the complex and evolving needs of the labor market. Technological changes, the introduction of new technologies such as artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and the metaverse, and the emphasis on soft competencies, require a fundamental transformation in the technical and vocational education system.